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45 system design building blocks across 12 categories
Stateless application server handling HTTP requests with horizontal scaling.
Event-driven ephemeral compute that scales to zero with per-invocation billing.
Background process consuming jobs from a queue for async task execution.
Time-scheduled task runner for periodic batch operations and maintenance.
Transport-layer load balancer routing TCP/UDP traffic with minimal overhead.
Application-layer load balancer with path routing, SSL termination, and header inspection.
DNS-based traffic distribution using weighted records and geographic routing.
Sidecar proxy infrastructure for service-to-service communication with mTLS and observability.
Unified entry point for APIs with authentication, rate limiting, and request routing.
Query-driven API server letting clients request exactly the data they need.
High-performance RPC framework using Protocol Buffers with bidirectional streaming.
Persistent bidirectional connection server for real-time data push.
Process-local cache providing sub-millisecond access for hot data.
Shared in-memory data store (Redis/Memcached) for cross-service caching and sessions.
Edge-distributed cache serving static and dynamic content close to users globally.
Client-side cache using HTTP headers for repeat-visit performance.
ACID-compliant relational database with advanced indexing, JSON support, and extensions.
Document database storing flexible JSON-like records with horizontal sharding.
Fully managed key-value/document store with single-digit millisecond latency at any scale.
Wide-column store optimized for high write throughput with tunable consistency.
Native graph database for traversing highly connected data with Cypher queries.
Purpose-built time-series database for metrics, events, and IoT sensor data.
Managed message queue decoupling producers from consumers with at-least-once delivery.
Distributed event streaming platform for high-throughput, durable, ordered event processing.
Publish-subscribe messaging for fan-out event distribution to multiple subscribers.
Distributed task queue for scheduling and executing background jobs with retry logic.
Infinitely scalable object store for files, backups, and static assets with 11-nines durability.
Low-latency block-level storage volumes attached to compute instances for databases.
Shared POSIX-compliant file system mountable by multiple compute instances concurrently.
Distributed search and analytics engine built on Lucene for full-text and structured queries.
Vector database for similarity search using approximate nearest neighbor algorithms.
Domain name resolution service translating hostnames to IP addresses with caching.
Intermediary server forwarding client requests to backend servers with SSL and compression.
Web application firewall filtering malicious HTTP traffic with rule-based and ML detection.
Encrypted tunnel for secure connectivity between cloud VPCs and on-premise networks.
Pull-based metrics collection and alerting system with PromQL for time-series analysis.
Centralized logging pipeline (Elasticsearch + Logstash + Kibana) for log aggregation and search.
Distributed tracing system tracking requests across microservices for latency analysis.
Incident management and on-call alerting platform with escalation policies and runbooks.
Authorization server implementing OAuth2 flows for delegated access with scopes and tokens.
Stateless token-based authentication using signed JSON Web Tokens for session management.
Simple secret-based authentication for server-to-server and third-party API access.
Central registry where services register and discover each other for dynamic routing.
Centralized configuration management with versioning, encryption, and hot-reload support.
Coordination primitive preventing concurrent access to shared resources across nodes.