TL;DR — IoT Device Management

Design an IoT device management platform that handles millions of connected devices reporting telemetry data, receiving commands, and getting over-the-air firmware updates. The platform must reliably ingest high-throughput sensor data, route commands to specific devices or device groups, manage the device lifecycle (provisioning, authentication, decommissioning), and orchestrate firmware rollouts with rollback capability. Key features: Device provisioning with unique X.509 certificates (mutual TLS). Telemetry ingestion via MQTT with at-least-once delivery guarantee.